Die Eerste Vryheidsoorlog 1880-1881

Dmd059238 1881..1889

Subcutaneous administration of biotherapeutics offers several potential advantages compared with intravenous administration. Many biotherapeutics, both marketed or in development, are administered via the subcutaneous route. This minireview provides an overview of the presystemic absorption processes following subcutaneous administration, the resulting pharmacokinetics after subcutaneous admini...

Dmd066175 1872..1881

Atenolol is a b-blocker widely used in the treatment of hypertension. Atenolol is cleared predominantly by the kidney by both glomerular filtration and active secretion, but the molecular mechanisms involved in its renal secretion are unclear. Using a panel of human embryonic kidney cell lines stably expressing human organic cation transporter (hOCT) 1–3, human organic anion transporter (hOAT) ...

Alexander Fleming, 1881-1955

Alexander Fleming (18811955) After Louis Pasteur's and Robert Koch's publications on the germ theory of disease, doctors developed a better understanding of the cause of infection. However, methods of treatment were still limited to vaccinations and anti-toxins. Joseph Lister's carbolic spray worked with some success during operations, but was not suitable for everyday use. The question was, ho...

Joseph Skoda (1805-1881).

J Skoda was born in Pilsen, Bohemia, to a locksmith, who lacked funds for the higher education of his three sons. Remarkably, each son acquired stature, respect and enviable position in the society, despite initial adversity. Joseph and elder brother Franz studied medicine. Franz advanced to public health officialdom and a Royal title. Younger brother Johann turned to heavy industry and founded...

Robert Thomson Leiper, 1881-1969.